HNS Exam: Object-Oriented Programming

1. Which of the following describes the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit?

A. Polymorphism B. Inheritance C. Encapsulation D. Abstraction

2. In object-oriented programming, a blueprint for creating objects is known as a:

A. Method B. Object C. Interface D. Class

3. Which OOP principle allows a subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass?

A. Polymorphism B. Inheritance C. Encapsulation D. Abstraction

4. What is the primary benefit of using inheritance in object-oriented programming?

A. It prevents unauthorized access to data. B. It allows a class to have multiple implementations of the same method name. C. It promotes code reusability by allowing new classes to reuse existing code. D. It hides the complexity of an object's implementation.

5. Which of the following best describes an abstract class?

A. A class that cannot be inherited by other classes. B. A class that can only contain abstract methods. C. A class that can be instantiated but not inherited. D. A class that cannot be instantiated on its own but is meant to be a base class for others.

6. What is a major advantage of using an interface in OOP?

A. It allows for the instantiation of a class that can be directly used. B. It provides a way to achieve multiple inheritance in languages that do not support it directly. C. It hides the implementation details of a class from the user. D. It is used to create a single, shared object across an entire application.

7. The process of creating a new object from a class is called:

A. Inheritance B. Encapsulation C. Instantiation D. Polymorphism

8. What is the primary role of an accessor method (getter) in a class?

A. To retrieve the value of a private instance variable. B. To change the value of a private instance variable. C. To create a new instance of the class. D. To perform a complex calculation within the class.

9. Which of the following best describes method overloading?

A. Having a method in a subclass with the same name as a method in its superclass. B. Having multiple methods with the same name but different return types. C. Defining a method that can accept multiple data types as arguments. D. Defining multiple methods in the same class with the same name but with different parameter lists.

10. What is a key characteristic of the relationship between a base class and a derived class?

A. A "has-a" relationship B. An "is-a" relationship C. A "uses-a" relationship D. A "belongs-to" relationship

11. A special method that is automatically called when an object of a class is created is known as a:

A. Finalizer B. Mutator C. Constructor D. Accessor

12. The concept of hiding the internal implementation details of a class and showing only the essential features is known as:

A. Abstraction B. Encapsulation C. Polymorphism D. Inheritance

13. What is it called when a subclass provides its own specific implementation for a method that is already defined in its superclass?

A. Method overloading B. Method overriding C. Method hiding D. Method shadowing

14. What is the purpose of the `super` keyword in a subclass?

A. To create a new instance of the superclass. B. To access a static method from the superclass. C. To prevent a method from being overridden. D. To call a method or constructor of the superclass.

15. The special member function that is called when an object is destroyed is known as a:

A. Destructor B. Constructor C. Finalizer D. Validator

16. Which access specifier allows members of a class to be accessed from anywhere?

A. `private` B. `protected` C. `public` D. `default`

17. How much memory does a class occupy?

A. The sum of its member variables. B. The size of its largest member variable. C. The size of the object pointer. D. None, a class is a blueprint and does not occupy memory.

18. Which type of polymorphism is achieved through method overloading?

A. Runtime polymorphism B. Static polymorphism C. Dynamic polymorphism D. Ad-hoc polymorphism

19. The `protected` access specifier allows a member to be accessed by:

A. The class itself and its derived classes. B. Only the class itself. C. Only its derived classes. D. Any other class in the same package.

20. What type of inheritance is it when one base class is inherited by multiple derived classes?

A. Multilevel inheritance B. Multiple inheritance C. Hierarchical inheritance D. Hybrid inheritance

21. In OOP, an object's "state" is defined by its:

A. Methods B. Attributes (instance variables) C. Class name D. Memory address

22. What can an interface contain?

A. Only concrete methods B. Both abstract and concrete methods C. Only private members D. Only abstract methods

23. The primary purpose of the `private` access specifier is to enforce the principle of:

A. Encapsulation B. Inheritance C. Polymorphism D. Abstraction

24. What is the main difference between OOP and procedural programming?

A. OOP uses a top-down approach while procedural uses a bottom-up approach. B. OOP gives emphasis on functions while procedural programming focuses on objects. C. OOP gives emphasis on data and objects while procedural programming focuses on procedures. D. OOP is not suitable for complex problems while procedural programming is.

25. Method overloading is a form of:

A. Runtime polymorphism B. Static polymorphism C. Dynamic polymorphism D. Ad-hoc polymorphism

HNS Exam: Object-Oriented Programming

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